COPD is a chronic and progressive disease often complicated by episodes of exacerbation,bringing physical,emotional and functional damage.Nurse have an important role in assessing the patient and promoting self-care by providing the condition to develop the process of home care.

Semakin lama, kerusakan yang terjadi menyebabkan jaringan dalam paru-paru aias alveolus menebal dan kaki. Penebalan tersebut menyebabkan oksigen sulit untuk masuk ke dalam darah.

Since the introduction of the concept of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) in the 2005 update on the treatment of nosocomial pneumonias by the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Vape atau rokok elektrik saat ini populer di kalangan anak remaja. Banyak orang yang menggunakan vape sebagai cara untuk berhenti merokok. Vape memang tidak memakai tembakau, tapi biasanya berisi cairan berbagai macam rasa yang menggugah selera.

Phagocytosis of bacteria was significantly decreased in both G-MÏ• and M-MÏ• from COPD patients, compared to non-smoker controls.